Постановление Пятого арбитражного апелляционного суда от 04.05.2015 по делу n А59-5737/2013. Оставить без изменения решение, а апелляционную жалобу - без удовлетворения (п.1 ст.269 АПК)

Пятый арбитражный апелляционный суд

ул. Светланская, 115, г. Владивосток, 690001

тел.: [phone], факс [phone]

http://5aas.arbitr.ru/

Именем Российской Федерации

ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ

арбитражного суда апелляционной инстанции

г. Владивосток                                                  Дело

№ А59-5737/2013

05 мая 2015 года

Резолютивная часть постановления оглашена 30 апреля 2015 года.

Постановление в полном объеме изготовлено 05 мая 2015 года.

Пятый арбитражный апелляционный суд в составе:

председательствующего Д.А. Глебова,

судей С.Б. Култышева, Н.А. Скрипки,

при ведении протокола секретарем судебного заседания  А.О. Филипповой,

рассмотрев в судебном заседании апелляционную жалобу общества с ограниченной ответственностью  «Контур»,

апелляционное производство № 05АП-3245/2015

на решение от 03.03.2015

судьи Ю.А. Караман

по делу № А59-5737/2013 Арбитражного суда Сахалинской области

по иску общества с ограниченной ответственностью  «Контур» (ИНН 6503013737, ОГРН 1126504000391, дата государственной регистрации: 26.03.2012)

к обществу с ограниченной ответственностью  «Урал» (ИНН 6506007869, ОГРН 1026500886609, дата государственной регистрации: 17.12.2002)

о взыскании задолженности и процентов,

по встречному иску общества с ограниченной ответственностью  «Урал»

к обществу с ограниченной ответственностью  «Контур»

о признании договора фрахтования недействительным,

при участии:

от истца по первоначальному иску - директор Лучкин В.Ю. на основании приказа от 12.03.2012 №1, паспорт,

в судебное заседание не явился:

ответчик по первоначальному иску, о времени и месте судебного заседания извещен надлежащим образом,

УСТАНОВИЛ:

общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Контур» обратилось в  арбитражный суд с исковым заявлением к Обществу с ограниченной ответственностью «Урал» о взыскании задолженности  по договору фрахтования судов №1 от 01.07.2013 в сумме 4 650 180 рублей за период с 01.07.2013 по 01.09.2013 и пени в сумме 1 046 290 рублей 50 копеек за период с 02.09.2013 по 15.04.2014 (с учетом уточнений, принятых в порядке статьи 49 Арбитражного процессуального кодекса Российской федерации (далее – АПК РФ).

От ООО «Урал» поступило встречное исковое заявление о признании недействительным договора фрахтования судов №1 от 01.07.2013, которое определением от 23.07.2014 принято для совместного рассмотрения с первоначальным иском.

В ходе судебного разбирательства судом в качестве свидетеля был допрошен Бахметов Сергей Владимирович, из пояснений которого следует, что в период с июля по август 2013 года он работал в качестве бригадира ООО «Урал» на рыбопромысловом участке 1/22/4. При осуществлении лова ООО «Урал» использовалось имущество, переданное ООО «Контур», включая кунгасы, невода, спецтехнику (автомобиль и трактор). Принадлежащие ООО «Урал» орудия лова, невода, плавсредства в спорный период лова не использовались; выход судов в море фиксировался в журнале выхода в море маломерных судов ООО «Урал» с указанием даты, номера плавсредства, время выхода и время захода.

Кроме того, ответчиком было заявлено ходатайство о проведении почерковедческой экспертизы на предмет подлинности подписи директора ООО «Урал» Шаврина М.Ю. в представленном истцом акте сверки от 31.08.2013 по договору фрахтования судов №1 от 01.07.2013. В обоснование указано на то, что Шаврин М.Ю. отрицает факт подписания акта сверки от 31.08.2013. 

Определением суда от  20.05.2014 назначена судебная  почерковедческая экспертиза. Согласно заключению эксперта №838/3-3 решить вопрос кем – Шавриным М.Ю. либо иным лицом выполнена подпись в акте сверки от 31.08.2013, не представилось возможным.

Определением суда от 15.08.2014 по делу назначена повторная судебная почерковедческая экспертиза. Согласно заключению эксперта №703/2-3 подпись от имени Шаврина М.Ю. в акте сверки от 31.08.2013 выполнена вероятно не самим Шавриным М.Ю., а другим лицом.

Решением Арбитражного суда Сахалинской области от 03.03.2015 в удовлетворении исковых требований ООО «Контур» было отказано, с общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Контур» в доход федерального бюджета взыскана государственная пошлина в сумме 51 482 рубля. В удовлетворении встречного иска ООО «Урал» было отказано.

Не согласившись с вынесенным судебным актом в части отказа в удовлетворении первоначальных исковых требований, ООО «Контур» обратилось с апелляционной жалобой, в которой просит решение от 03.03.2015 в указанной части отменить, принять по делу новый судебный акт об удовлетворении заявленных требований ООО «Контур» к ООО «Урал» о взыскании задолженности  по договору фрахтования судов №1 от 01.07.2013 в сумме 4 650 180 рублей за период с 01.07.2013 по 01.09.2013 и пени в сумме 1 046 290 рублей 50 копеек за период с 02.09.2013 по 15.04.2014. В остальной части оставить решение без изменения.

В обоснование жалобы апеллянт указал, что в описательно-мотивировочной части решения не отражены представленные истцом доказательства фактического использования ответчиком предмета договора фрахта, а именно журнал выхода в море маломерных судов ООО «Урал». По мнению апеллянта, им было подтверждено подписание акта сверки от 31.08.2013  (сопроводительное письмо от 31.08.20133 № 44/08) представленным в материалы дела протоколом осмотра доказательств от 16.12.2014, проведенного нотариусом нотариального округа Долинский Буртовой Натальей Анатольевной.

Считает, что у суда отсутствовали основания критически оценивать показания свидетеля Бахметова С.В. Кроме того, полагает, что ответчиком не были доказаны обстоятельства, на которые он ссылался при рассмотрении дела.

В судебном заседании 30.04.2015 представитель истца по первоначальному иску огласил доводы апелляционной жалобы, которые совпадают с текстом апелляционной жалобы, имеющейся в материалах дела. Решение суда первой инстанции просил отменить по основаниям, изложенным в апелляционной жалобе.

В канцелярию суда от ответчика по первоначальному иску поступил письменный отзыв на апелляционную жалобу, по тексту которого ООО «Урал» на доводы апелляционной жалобы возразил, по основаниям, изложенным в письменном отзыве, решение суда первой инстанции считает законным и обоснованным, апелляционную жалобу не подлежащей удовлетворению. Отзыв в порядке статьи 262 АПК РФ приобщен к материалам дела.

Из содержания апелляционной жалобы следует, что заявитель жалобы обжалует вынесенный судебный акт в части отказа в удовлетворении требований ООО «Контур» к ООО «Урал».

В соответствии с частью 5 статьи 268 АПК РФ в случае, если в порядке апелляционного производства обжалуется только часть решения, арбитражный суд апелляционной инстанции проверяет законность и обоснованность решения только в обжалуемой части, если при этом лица, участвующие в деле, не заявят возражений.

Как разъяснено в пункте 25 Постановления Пленума Высшего Арбитражного Суда Российской Федерации от 28.05.2009 N 36 «О применении Арбитражного процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации при рассмотрении дел в арбитражном суде апелляционной инстанции» при применении части 5 статьи 268 АПК РФ необходимо иметь в виду следующее: если заявителем подана жалоба на часть судебного акта, суд апелляционной инстанции в судебном заседании выясняет мнение присутствующих в заседании лиц относительно того, имеются ли у них возражения по проверке только части судебного акта, о чем делается отметка в протоколе судебного заседания.

Поскольку возражений по проверке только части судебного акта от лиц, участвующих в деле, не поступило, суд, руководствуясь частью 5 статьи 268 АПК РФ, проверяет законность и обоснованность решения только в обжалуемой части.

Изучив материалы дела, апелляционную жалобу, выслушав явившегося в судебное заседание представителя истца, проверив законность и обоснованность обжалуемого решения в порядке статей 266, 268 АПК, суд апелляционной инстанции не находит оснований для его отмены или изменения, исходя из следующего.

Как следует из материалов дела, между ООО «Контур» (арендодатель) и ООО «Урал» (арендатор) 01.07.2013 заключен договор фрахтования судов №1, по условиям которого арендодатель предоставляет за плату, а арендатор принимает во временное пользование кунгасы РСЯ 31-88, РСЯ 31-85, РСЯ-31-86, укомплектованные экипажем и всем необходимым для рыбалки на промысловых участках (далее суда), а также три ставных невода и спецтехнику для проведения промысла на 2-х промысловых участках на период лососевой путины, с бригадой для прибрежного промысла.

Дополнительным соглашением к договору стороны определили, что арендная плата по договору устанавливается в размере 15 рублей за каждый килограмм добытой рыбы-сырца, выловленной с использованием арендуемых и упомянутых в договоре судов.

До 01.08.2013 арендатор перечисляет арендодателю 80% от полного расчета за выловленную горбушу-сырец.

Окончательный расчет за аренду судов производится до 01.09.2013.

Дополнительным соглашением №2 к договору от 01.07.2013 стороны внесли изменения в пункт 1.1 договора, согласно которого арендодатель предоставляет за плату, а арендатор принимает во временное пользование кунгасы РСЯ 31-88, РСЯ 31-85, РСЯ-31-86, Р71-31СХ, Р71-26СХ, Р44-03 СЮ, Р 44-04 СЮ, Р 71-27 СХ, Р 71-32 СХ, укомплектованные экипажем и всем необходимым для рыбалки на промысловых участках (далее суда), а также три ставных невода и спецтехнику.

Согласно актам приема-передачи от 01.07.2013 ООО «Контур» передало, а ООО «Урал» приняло во временное пользование кунгасы  РСЯ 31-88, РСЯ 31-85, РСЯ-31-86, Р71-31СХ, Р71-26СХ, Р44-03 СЮ, Р 44-04 СЮ, Р 71-27 СХ, Р 71-32 СХ в исправном состоянии, а также крыло 1500м (1 шт.), невод Н 10 однокотловой 69*10*10 (2 шт.), невод Н7 однокотловой 63*10*7 (1шт.), невод Н8 однокотловой 65*10*8 (2 шт.), центральная 1500м (1 шт.), дан-лайн №22 3320м (1 шт.), дан-лайн №32 1800 м (1шт.).

Согласно актам приема-передачи от 29.08.2013 и от 05.09.2013 перечисленное выше имущество возвращено ООО «Контур».

Поскольку оплата по договору фрахтования за пользование арендованным имуществом не была произведена ответчиком, ООО «Контур» обратилось в суд с настоящим иском.

При рассмотрении данного требования судом первой инстанции верно квалифицированы возникшие между сторонами правоотношения как отношения аренды транспортного средства с экипажем, в связи с чем в данном случае подлежат применению нормы главы 34 Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации (далее – ГК РФ).

В соответствии со статьей 632 ГК РФ по договору аренды (фрахтования на время) транспортного средства с экипажем арендодатель предоставляет арендатору транспортное средство за плату во временное владение и пользование и оказывает своими силами услуги по управлению им и по его технической эксплуатации.

Статья 198 Кодекса торгового мореплавания Российской Федерации (далее - КТМ РФ) устанавливает, что по договору фрахтования судна на время (тайм-чартеру) судовладелец обязуется за обусловленную плату (фрахт) предоставить фрахтователю судно и услуги членов экипажа судна в пользование на определенный срок для перевозок грузов, пассажиров или для иных целей торгового мореплавания.

Согласно статье 614 ГК РФ арендатор обязан своевременно вносить плату за пользование имуществом (арендную плату). Порядок, условия и сроки внесения арендной платы определяются договором аренды. В случае, когда договором они не определены, считается, что установлены порядок, условия и сроки, обычно применяемые при аренде аналогичного имущества при сравнимых обстоятельствах

По смыслу статей 307, 309, 310 ГК РФ,  обязательство возникает из договора, вследствие причинения вреда и из иных оснований, указанных в ГК РФ.  Обязательства должны исполняться  надлежащим образом  в соответствии  с условиями  обязательства  и требованиями закона, иных правовых актов.

Односторонний отказ от исполнения обязательства и одностороннее изменение его условий не допуска                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               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